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PICkit ? 1 Flash Starter Kit User’s Guide
C.4.2.2
TRANSLATING STATE MACHINES INTO ASSEMBLY AND C
Implementing a state machine in C is quite simple to visualize. C based state machines
rely on the “switch” statement. The following example code shows a “switch” statement
being used as a state machine.
EXAMPLE C-1:
SWITCH STATEMENT
switch (STATE) {
case (State0):
// turn LED0 on
break;
case (State1):
// turn LED1 on
break;
case (State2);
// turn LED2 on
break;
... and so on
default:
STATE = State0 // if for some reason a undefined
state occurs,
// re-initialize the state machine
}
Creating a state machine in assembly is a little more difficult. In assembly, the program
flow is directed to the appropriate software module for a given state by incrementing
the Program Counter by the state variable. Incrementing the Program Counter is
comprised of incrementing PCL and PCLATH (when PCL overflows.) If a provision of
increment PCLATH is not included, then there is a risk of jumping to the wrong spot in
the program if PCL overflows. Immediately following the increment routine is a list of
“ goto ” statements that direct the program flow to one of the states. This method is
called a “computed goto ”. The following example code shows how to use a computed
goto for a state machine.
DS40051D-page 50
? 2004 Microchip Technology Inc.
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